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Shingles consists of a very painful rash that most often appears on one side of the body in a narrow band. Shingles usually affects the elderly or people with compromised immune systems. The same virus (varicella zoster) that causes chicken pox also causes shingles. Nerve pain that persists after the rash has cleared is called postherpetic neuralgia. Nutritional supplements that may be helpful: Some doctors have observed that intramuscular injections of vitamin B12 appear to relieve the symptoms of postherpetic neuralgia.[1, 2] However, since these studies did not include a control group, the possibility of a placebo effect cannot be ruled out. Oral vitamin B12 supplements have not been tested, but they are not likely to be effective against postherpetic neuralgia. Some doctors have found vitamin E to be effective for individuals with postherpetic neuralgia—even people who have had the problem for many years.[3, 4] The recommended amount of vitamin E by mouth is 1,200–1,600 IU per day. In addition, vitamin E at a concentration of 30 IU per gram can be applied to the skin. Several months of continuous vitamin E use may be needed in order to see an improvement. Not all studies have found a beneficial effect of vitamin E.[5] However, in the study that produced negative results, vitamin E may not have been used for a long enough period of time. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), a compound that occurs naturally in the body, has been found to be effective against shingles outbreaks. In one double blind study, thirty-two individuals with an outbreak of herpes zoster were given either 100 mg of AMP intramuscularly three times a week or a placebo for four weeks. Compared with the placebo, AMP promoted faster healing and reduced the duration of pain.[6] Most important, AMP appeared to prevent the development of postherpetic neuralgia, a chronic, painful, and difficult-to-treat condition that often follows an episode of shingles.[7, 8] Are there any side effects or interactions? Refer to the individual supplement for information about any side effects or interactions. Herbs that may be helpful: The hot principle in cayenne peppers, known as capsaicin, is used for many painful conditions, including shingles and postherpetic neuralgia. In a double blind trial, a cream containing 0.075% capsaicin, applied three to four times per day to the painful area, greatly reduced pain.[9] In another study, a lower concentration of capsaicin (0.025%) was also effective.[10] Two or more weeks of treatment may be required to get the full benefit of the cream. Licorice has also been used by doctors of natural medicine as a topical agent for shingles and postherpetic neuralgia; however, no clinical trials support its use for this purpose. Glycyrrhizin, one of the active components of licorice, has been shown to block the replication of varicella zoster, the virus that causes shingles.[11] Licorice gel is usually applied three or more times per day. Licorice gel is not widely available, but may be obtained through a doctor who practices herbal medicine. Are there any side effects or interactions? Refer to the individual herb for information about any side effects or interactions. The information contained in this article is for information and education purposes only and is not medical advice. Do not use this information as an alternative to obtaining medical advice from your physician or other professional healthcare provider. Always consult with your physician or other professional healthcare provider about any medical conditions you are experiencing. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, contact your local emergency services for help. References: Schiller F. Herpes zoster: review, with preliminary report on new method for treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1954;2:726–35. Heyblon R. Vitamin B12 in herpes zoster. JAMA 1951;146:1338 (Abstract). Ayres S Jr, Mihan R. Post-herpes zoster neuralgia: response to vitamin E therapy. Arch Dermatol 1973;108: 855–66. Ayres S Jr, Mihan R. Post-herpes zoster neuralgia: response to vitamin E therapy. Arch Dermatol 1975;111:396. Cochrane T. Post-herpes zoster neuralgia: response to vitamin E therapy. Arch Dermatol 1975;111:396. Bernstein JE, Korman NJ, Bickers DR, et al. Topical capsaicin treatment of chronic postherpetic neuralgia. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:265–70. Sklar SH, Blue WT, Alexander EJ, et al. Herpes zoster. The treatment and prevention of neuralgia with adenosine monophosphate. JAMA 1985;253:1427–30. Sklar SH, Wigand JS. Herpes zoster. Br J Dermatol 1981;104:351–52. Bernstein JE, Korman NJ, Bickers DR, et al. Topical capsaicin treatment of chronic postherpetic neuralgia. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:265–70. Bernstein JE, Bickers DR, Dahl MV, Roshal JY. Treatment of chronic postherpetic neuralgia with topical capsaicin. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;17:93–96. Baba M, Shigeta S. Antiviral activity of glycyrrhizin against varicella-zoster virus in vitro. Antivir Res 1987;7:99–107.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a condition in which the immune system becomes severely weakened and loses its ability to fight infections. Most scientists believe that the disease results from infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS is an extremely complex disorder, and no cure is currently available. Certain pharmaceuticals appear to be capable of slowing the progression of the disease. In addition, various nutritional factors may be helpful. However, because of the complicated nature of AIDS and HIV, medical supervision is strongly recommended with regard to dietary changes and nutritional supplements. Dietary changes that may be helpful: Individuals with AIDS often lose significant amounts of weight or suffer from recurrent diarrhea. A diet high in protein and total calories may help a person maintain his or her body weight. In addition, whole foods are preferable to refined and processed foods. Whole foods contain larger amounts of many vitamins and minerals, and individuals with HIV infection tend to suffer from multiple nutritional deficiencies. Nonetheless, no evidence currently suggests that dietary changes are curative for people with AIDS or even that they significantly impact the course of the disease. Nutritional supplements that may be helpful: Because individuals with AIDS or HIV infection often have multiple nutritional deficiencies, a broad-spectrum nutritional supplement may be beneficial. In one study, HIV-infected men who took a multivitamin supplement had slower disease progression, compared with men who did not take a supplement.[1] Vitamin A deficiency appears to be very common in people with HIV infection. Low levels of vitamin A are associated with greater disease severity[2] and increased transmission of the virus from a pregnant mother to her infant.[3] However, little research has explored whether vitamin A supplements are helpful. In one trial, giving people an extremely high (300,000 IU) amount of vitamin A one time only did not improve short-term measures of immunity in women with HIV.[4] Beta-carotene levels have also been found to be low in HIV-infected individuals, particularly those with more advanced disease.[5] However, studies on the effect of beta-carotene supplements have produced conflicting results. In one double blind study, supplementing with 300,000 IU per day of beta-carotene significantly increased the number of CD4+ cells (an infection-fighting type of white blood cell that is low inpatients with AIDS).[6] In another study, the same amount of beta-carotene had no effect on CD4+ cell counts or various other measures of immune function.[7] Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency has been identified in nearly one-quarter of people with AIDS.[8] It has been suggested that a deficiency of this vitamin may contribute to some of the neurological abnormalities that are associated with AIDS. In another study, vitamin B6 deficiency was found in more than one-third of HIVpositive men, and a deficiency of this vitamin was associated with decreased immune function.[9] Low blood levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 are also common in HIV-infected individuals.[10] Vitamin C has been shown to inhibit HIV replication in test tubes.[11] Some doctors recommend large amounts of vitamin C for patients with AIDS. Reported benefits in vitamin C preliminary research include greater resistance against infection and an improvement in overall wellbeing.[12] In test tube studies, vitamin E improved the effectiveness of the anti-HIV drug zidovudine (AZT) while reducing its toxicity.[13] Blood levels of coenzyme Q10 were also found to be low in individuals with HIV infection or AIDS. Six people with HIV infection received 200 mg per day of coenzyme Q10. Five of these individuals experienced no further infections for up to seven months, and the white blood cell count improved in three cases.[14] In the category of minerals, both zinc[15] and selenium[16] levels are frequently low in people with HIV infection, and iron deficiency is often present in HIV-infected children.[17] Zinc supplements have been shown to reduce the number of infections in individuals with AIDS.[18] HIV-infected people who received selenium supplements experienced fewer infections, better intestinal function, improved appetite, and improved heart function (which had been impaired by the disease).[19] The amino acid N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) has been shown to inhibit the replication of HIV in the test tube.[20] In a double blind study, supplementing with 800 mg per day of NAC slowed the rate of decline in immune function. NAC may work better when glutamine (another amino acid) is also supplied. In combination, these two amino acids promote the synthesis of glutathione, a naturally occurring antioxidant that is believed to be protective in people with HIV infection.[21] The nonpathogenic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii in the amount of 1 gram three times per day has been shown to help stop diarrhea in HIV positive people in double blind research.[22] Are there any side effects or interactions? Refer to the individual supplement for information about any side effects or interactions. Herbs that may be helpful: Many different herbs have been shown in test tube studies to inhibit the function or replication of HIV. Few of these studies have been followed up with any kind of investigation in infected humans. Some notable exceptions to this rule are discussed below. One double blind study has found that 990 mg per day of an extract of boxwood (Buxus sempervirens) leaves and stems could delay progression of HIV infection as measured by decline in CD4 cell counts.[23] No adverse effects were reported due directly to the extract. Taking twice the dose of boxwood extract did not lead to further benefits and may have actually decreased its usefulness. Garlic may be helpful. In one study, administration of an aged garlic extract reduced the number of infections and relieved diarrhea in a group of patients with AIDS.[24] Licorice has shown the ability to inhibit reproduction of HIV in test tubes.[25] Studies on injections of glycyrrhizin isolated from licorice show it could have a beneficial effect on AIDS.[26] Preliminary evidence on orally administered licorice has also found it to be safe and effective for long-term treatment of HIV infection.[27] A physician should monitor the blood pressure of anyone taking licorice or glycyrrhizin long term. Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) will not inhibit HIV. Approximately 2 grams of licorice root should be taken per day in capsules or as tea. Immune-modulating plants often used by doctors of herbal medicine include Asian ginseng, eleuthero (Siberian ginseng), ashwagandha, and the medicinal mushrooms shiitake and reishi. Maitake mushrooms contain polysaccharides, including beta-D-glucan, which is currently under review as a supportive tool for HIV infection.[28] [29] Bitter melon contains two proteins—alpha- and betamomorcharin— that inhibit the AIDS virus in test tubes. Very early reports indicate bitter melon juice or enemas may be beneficial for people infected with HIV,[30] but much more research is necessary before the effect of bitter melon is known for certain. An open trial of a combination naturopathic protocol (consisting of multiple nutrients, licorice, lomatium, a combination Chinese herbal product, lecithin, calf thymus extract, lauric acid monoglycerol ester, and St. John’s wort) found that it could possibly slow progression of mild HIV infection and reduce some symptoms.[31] These results can be seen as preliminary at best and need to be repeated in controlled studies. It does begin to suggest that using several natural products in combination can be safe and potentially helpful. Are there any side effects or interactions? Refer to the individual herb for information about any side effects or interactions. The information contained in this article is for information and education purposes only and is not medical advice. Do not use this information as an alternative to obtaining medical advice from your physician or other professional healthcare provider. Always consult with your physician or other professional healthcare provider about any medical conditions you are experiencing. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, contact your local emergency services for help. References: [1] Ince S. Vitamin supplements may help delay onset of AIDS. Med Tribune 1993;November 9:18. [2] Semba RD, et al. Increased mortality associated with vitamin A deficiency during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Arch Intern Med 1993;153:2149–54. [3] Semba RD, et al. Maternal vitamin A deficiency and mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. Lancet 1994;343:1593–97. [4] Humphrey JH, Quinn T, Fine D, et al. Short-term effects of large-dose vitamin A supplementation on viral load and immune response in HIV-infected women. J Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Human Retrovirol 1999;20:44–51. [5] Sappey C, et al. Vitamin, trace element and peroxide status in HIV seropositive patients: asymptomatic patients present a severe beta-carotene deficiency. Clin Chim Acta 1994;230:35–42. [6] Coodley GO, et al. Beta-carotene in HIV infection. J Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1993;6:272–76. [7] Coodley GO, et al. Beta-carotene in HIV infection: an extended evaluation. AIDS 1996;10:967–73. [8] Butterworth RF, et al. Thiamine deficiency in AIDS. Lancet 1991;338:1086. [9] Baum MK, et al. Association of vitamin B6 status with parameters of immune function in early HIV-1 infection. J Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromes 1991;4:1122–32. [10] Boudes P, et al. Folate, vitamin B12, and HIV infection. Lancet 1990;335:1401–2. [11] Harakeh S, et al. Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus replication by ascorbate in chronically and acutely infected cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1990;87:7245–49. [12] Cathcart RF III. Vitamin C in the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Med Hypotheses 1984;14:423–33. [13] Gogu SR, et al. Increased therapeutic efficacy of zidovudine in combination with vitamin E. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989;165:401–7. [14] Folkers K, et al. Biochemical deficiencies of coenzyme Q10 in HIV-infection and exploratory treatment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1988;153:888–96. [15] Fabris N, et al. AIDS, zinc deficiency, and thymic hormone failure. JAMA 1988;259:839–40. [16] Dworkin BM. Selenium deficiency in HIV infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Chem Biol Interact 1994;91:181–86. [17] Castaldo A, et al. Iron deficiency and intestinal malabsorption in HIV disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1996;22:359–63. [18] Mocchegiani E, et al. Benefit of oral zinc supplementation as an adjunct to zidovudine (AZT) therapy against opportunistic infections in AIDS. Int J Immunopharmacol 1995;17:719–27. [19] Schrauzer GN, Sacher J. Selenium in the maintenance and therapy of HIVinfected patients. Chem Biol Interact 1994;91:199–205. [20] Roederer M, et al. Cytokine-stimulated human immunodeficiency virus replication is inhibited by N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1990;87:4884–88. [21] Robinson MK, et al. Glutathione deficiency and HIV infection. Lancet 1992;339:1603–4. [22] Blehaut H, Saint-Marc T, Touraine J. Double blind trial of Saccharomyces boulardii in AIDS-related diarrhea” International Conference on AIDS/Third STD World Congress, 1992, Abstract #2120, July 19–24b. [23] Durant J, Chantre Ph, Gonzalez G, et al. Efficacy and safety of Buxus sempervirens L. preparations (SPV30) in HIV-infected asymptomatic patients: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytomedicine 1998;5(1):1–10. [24] Abdullah TH, et al. Enhancement of natural killer cell activity in AIDS with garlic. Dtsch Zschr Onkol 1989;21:52–53. [25] Ito M, Sato A, Hirabayashi K, et al. Mechanism of inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin on replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antivir Res 1988;10:289–98. [26] Hattori I, Ikematsu S, Koito A, et al. Preliminary evidence for inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin on HIV replication in patients with AIDS. Antivir Res 1989;11:255–62. [27] Ikegami N, et al. Prophylactic effect of long-term oral administration of glycyrrhizin on AIDS development of asymptomatic patients. Int Conf AIDS 1993;9:234 [abstract PO-A25-0596]. [28] Yamada Y, Nanba H, Kuroda H. Antitumor effect of orally administered extracts from fruit body of Grifola frondosa (maitake). Chemotherapy 1990;38:790–96. [29] Nanba H. Immunostimulant activity in-vivo and anti-HIV activity in vitro of 3 branched b-1-6-glucans extracted from maitake mushrooms (Grifola frondosa). VIII International Conference on AIDS, 1992 [abstract]. [30] Zhang QC. Preliminary report on the use of Momordica charantia extract by HIV patients. J Naturopath Med 1992;3:65–69. [31] Standish L, Guiltinan J, McMahon E, Lindstrom C. One year open trial of naturopathic treatment of HIV infection class IV-A men. J Naturopathic Med 1992;3:42–64.

Many people have elevated blood levels of triglycerides (TGs). TGs are composed of three fatty chains linked together. This is the way most fat exists in both food and the human body. People with diabetes often have elevated TG levels. Successfully dealing with diabetes will, in some cases, lead to normalization of TG levels. Most studies indicate that people with elevated triglycerides are at higher risk of heart disease. Dietary changes that may be helpful: While moderate drinking does not affect TG levels, heavy drinking is believed to be the second most prevalent cause (after diabetes) of hypertriglyceridemia.[1] Alcoholics with elevated TG levels should deal with the disease of alcoholism first. Sugar increases TG levels as well.[2, 3] It makes sense for people with elevated TGs to reduce intake of sugar, sweets, and other sugar-containing foods. Diets high in fiber have lowered TGs in several studies,[4] although many researchers have not seen this effect.[5] Water-soluble fibers, such as pectin found in fruit, guar gum and other gums found in beans, and beta-glucan found in oats, may be particularly helpful in lowering triglycerides. Low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets have lowered TGs in some,[6] but not all, studies.[7] Suddenly switching to a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet will generally increase TGs temporarily, but making the switch gradually protects against this short-term problem.[8] Cardiologists and most nutritionally oriented doctors recommend a diet low in saturated fat (meaning avoidance of red meat and all dairy except non-fat dairy) to reduce TGs and the risk of heart disease.[9] Some,[10, 11] but not all, studies[12] report that fish eaters have a lower risk of heart disease. Significant amounts of TG-lowering omega-3 oils EPA and DHA can be found in the fish oil of salmon, herring, mackerel, sardines, anchovies, albacore tuna, and black cod. Many doctors of natural medicine recommend that people with elevated TGs increase their intake of these fatty fish. Lifestyle changes that may be helpful: Exercise lowers TG levels.[13] People who have diabetes, heart disease, or are over the age of forty, should talk with a doctor before beginning an exercise program. Smoking has been linked to elevated TG levels.[14] As always, it makes sense for smokers to quit. Obesity increases TG levels.[15] Maintaining ideal body weight helps protect against elevated TG levels. Many nutritionally oriented doctors encourage people who have elevated TGs and who are overweight to lose the extra weight. Nutritional supplements that may be helpful: Many double blind studies consistently demonstrate that the fish oils EPA and DHA, mentioned above, lower TG levels.[16] The amount used in much of the research is 3,000 mg per day of omega-3 fatty acid. To calculate how much omega-3 fatty acid is in a supplement, add together the amounts of EPA and DHA. For example, if a given fish oil capsule contains 1,000 mg of fish oil, of which 180 mg is EPA and 120 mg is DHA, then the total omega-3 oil content is 300 mg. At this level, ten capsules per day would be required to reach 3,000 mg. Other forms of omega-3 oil, such as flaxseed oil, do not lower TGs; while they have other benefits, they should not be used for this purpose. Cod liver oil will also lower TGs.[17] Cod liver oil is less expensive than omega-3 fish oil. However, most cod liver oil contains large amounts of vitamin A and vitamin D; too much of either can cause side effects. Doctors will often order blood work for people who take high doses of vitamins A or D, and the cost of the blood work may exceed the savings in using cod liver oil. Those wishing to use cod liver oil instead of omega-3 fish oil should consult a nutritionally oriented doctor. Omega-3 oil from fish oil and cod liver oil has been reported to affect blood in many other ways which might lower the risk of heart disease.[18] However, it sometimes increases LDL—the bad form of cholesterol. A doctor can check to see if fish oil has this effect on an individual. Research shows that when 900 mg of garlic extract is added to fish oil, the combination still dramatically lowers TG levels but no longer increases LDL.[19] Therefore, it appears that taking garlic supplements may be a way to avoid the increase in LDL cholesterol sometimes associated with taking fish oil. People who take omega-3 fish oil may also need to take vitamin E to protect the oil from oxidative damage in the body.[20] Carnitine is another supplement that has lowered TGs in several studies.[21, 22] Some nutritionally oriented doctors recommend 1–3 grams of carnitine per day. Pantethine is a special form of the B vitamin pantothenic acid. Several studies show that 300 mg of pantethine taken three times per day will lower TG levels.[23, 24, 25] The form found in most B vitamins—pantothenic acid—does not have this effect. Some nutritionally oriented doctors recommend supplementing with pantethine to reduce TG levels. The niacin form of vitamin B3 is used by both cardiologists and nutritionally oriented doctors to lower cholesterol levels, but niacin also lowers TG levels.[26] The amount of niacin needed to lower cholesterol and TGs is several grams per day. Such quantities often have side effects and should not be taken without the supervision of a cardiologist or nutritionally oriented doctor. Rather than using niacin (and risking side effects), doctors of natural medicine increasingly use inositol hexaniacinate in the amount of 500 mg three times per day.[27, 28] Are there any side effects or interactions? Refer to the individual supplement for information about any side effects or interactions. Herbs that may be helpful: More than thirty-two human studies, mostly double blind, have demonstrated garlic’s ability to lower serum triglycerides levels. Common garlic intakes in these studies range from 600 to 900 mg per day for four to sixteen weeks. Reports that have analyzed the results of all studies performed to date on the TG-lowering effect indicate that over a one-to-four-month period, garlic supplements reduce triglyceride levels by 8–27%.[29, 30] People with no aversion to the odor can chew one whole clove of raw garlic daily. Otherwise, odor-controlled, enteric-coated tablets standardized for allicin content can be taken in the amount of 900 mg daily (providing 5,000 mcg of allicin), divided into two daily doses. For health maintenance, half of the therapeutic regimen is adequate. Guggul, the mixture of ketonic steroids from the gum oleoresin of Commiphora mukul, is an approved treatment of hyperlipidemia in India and has been a mainstay of Ayurvedic herbal approaches to preventing atherosclerosis. Clinical studies indicate that guggul is effective in the treatment of high triglycerides; one study found total serum triglycerides to drop by 30.3%.[31] Daily intake of guggul is typically based on the amount of guggulsterones in the extract. The recommended amount of guggulsterones is 25 mg three times per day. Most extracts contain 5–10% guggulsterones, and nutritionally oriented doctors often recommend taking it for twelve to twenty weeks. Wild yam has been shown to lower blood triglycerides in humans.[32] Typical amounts used are 2–3 ml of tincture three to four times per day or one or two capsules or tablets of the dried root three times each day. Reishi, a type of mushroom, contains several constituents that seem to help decrease triglyceride levels based on preliminary reports. Other herbal supplements that may help lower serum triglycerides include psyllium, fenugreek, and green tea. Are there any side effects or interactions? Refer to the individual herb for information about any side effects or interactions. The information contained in this article is for information and education purposes only and is not medical advice. Do not use this information as an alternative to obtaining medical advice from your physician or other professional healthcare provider. Always consult with your physician or other professional healthcare provider about any medical conditions you are experiencing. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, contact your local emergency services for help. References: Steinberg D, Pearson TA, Kuller LH. Alcohol and atherosclerosis. Ann Intern Med 1991;114:967–76. Reiser S. Effect of dietary sugars on metabolic risk factors associated with heart disease. Nutr Health 1985;3:203–16. Szanto S, Yudkin J. The effect of dietary sucrose on blood lipids serum insulin, platelet adhesiveness and body weight in human volunteers. J Postgrad Med 1969;45:602–7. Anderson JW, Gustafson NJ. High-carbohydrate, high-fiber diet. Postgrad Med 1987;82:40–55 [review]. Glore SR, van Treeck D, Knehans AW, Guild M. Soluble fiber and serum lipids: a literature review. J Am Dietet Assoc 1994;94:425–36. Cominacini L, Zocca I, Garbin U, et al. Long-term effect of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on plasma lipids of patients affected by familial endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;48:57–65. West C, Sullivan DR, Katan MB, et al. Boys from populations with high-carbohydrate intake have higher fasting triglyceride levels than boys from populations with high-fat intake. Am J Epidemiol 1990;131:271–82. Ullmann D, Connor WE, Hatcher LF, et al. Will a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet lower plasma lipids and lipoproteins without producing hypertriglyceridemia? Arterioscler Thromb 1991;11:1059–67. Consensus Development Panel. Treatment of hypertriglyceridemia. JAMA 1984;251:1196–200. Burr ML, et al. Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: diet and reinfarction trial (DART). Lancet 1989;ii:757–61. Kromhout D, et al. The inverse relation between fish consumption and 20-year mortality from coronary heart disease. New Engl J Med 1985;312(19):1205. Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, et al. Dietary intake of marine n-3 fatty acids, fish intake, and the risk of coronary disease among men. N Engl J Med 1995;332:977–82. Merril JR, et al. Hyperlipemic response of young trained and untrained men after a high fat meal. Arteriosclerosis 1989;9:217–23. Cowan LD, Wilcosky T, Criqui MH, et al. Demographic, behavioral, biochemical, and dietary correlates of plasma triglycerides. Arteriosclerosis 1985;5:466–80. Despres J-P, Tremblay A, Leblanc C, Bouchard C. Effect of the amount of body fat on the age-associated increase in serum cholesterol. Prev Med 1988;17:423–31. Prichard BN, Smith CCT, Ling KLE, Betteridge DJ. Fish oils and cardiovascular disease. BMJ 1995;310:819–20 [editorial/review]. Von Schacky C, Fischer S, Weber PC. Long-term effects of dietary marine omega-3 fatty acids upon plasma and cellular lipids, platelet function, and eicosanoid formation in humans. J Clin Invest 1985;76(4):626. Leaf A, Weber PC. Cardiovascular effects of n-3 fatty acids. N Engl J Med 1988;318(9):549–57. Adler AJ, Holub BJ. Effect of garlic and fish-oil supplementation on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in hypercholesterolemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65:445–50. Haglund O, et al. The effects of fish oil on triglycerides, cholesterol, fibrinogen and malondialdehyde in humans supplemented with vitamin E. J Nutr 1991;121:165–69. Pola P, et al. Carnitine in the therapy of dyslipidemic patients. Curr Ther Res 1980;27(2):208. Abdi-Aziz MT, et al. Effect of carnitine on blood lipid pattern in diabetic patients. Nutr Rep Int 1984;29(5):1071. Arsenio L, et al. Effectiveness of long-term treatment with pantethine in patients with dyslipidemia. Clin Ther 1986;8(5):537–45. Avogaro P, et al. Effect of pantethine on lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in man. Curr Ther Res 1983;33(3):488–93. Maggi GC, et al. Pantethine: a physiological lipomodulating agent, in the treatment of hyperlipidemias. Curr Ther Res 1982;32(3):380–86. Brown WV. Niacin for lipid disorders. Postgrad Med 1995;98:183–93 [review]. Head KA. Inositol hexaniacinate: a safer alternative to niacin. Alt Med Rev 1996;1:176–84 [review]. Murray M. Lipid-lowering drugs vs. Inositol hexaniacinate. Am J Natural Med 1995;9–12 [review]. Silagy C, Neil A. Garlic as a lipid-lowering agent: A meta-analysis. J Royal Coll Physicians London 1994;28:39–45. Holzgartner J, Schmidt U, Kuhn U. Comparison of the efficacy of a garlic preparation vs. bezafibrate. Arzneim-Forsch Drug Res 1992;42:1473–77. Agarwal RC, Singh SP, Saran RK, et al. Clinical trial of gugulipid new hypolipidemic agent of plant origin in primary hyperlipidemia. Indian J Med Res 1986;84:626–34. Araghiniknam M, Chung S, Nelson-White T, et al. Antioxidant activity of dioscorea and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in older humans. Life Sci 1996;11:147–57. Content copyright © 1999 Healthnotes, Inc. 1505 SE Gideon St., Suite 200, Portland, OR 97202 • www.healthnotes.com Authors of the best-selling book The Natural Pharmacy

Vaginitis, inflammation of the vagina, is responsible for an estimated 10% of all visits by women to their healthcare practitioners. The three general causes of vaginitis are hormonal imbalance, irritation, and infection. Hormone-related vaginitis includes the atrophic vaginitis generally found in postmenopausal or postpartum women, and occasionally in young girls before puberty. Irritant vaginitis can result from allergies or irritating substances. Infectious vaginitis is most common in reproductive-age women and is generally caused by one of three types of infections: bacterial vaginosis (BV), candidiasis (yeast infection), or trichomoniasis. A healthcare professional should be consulted for the diagnosis and treatment of any vaginal infection. Lifestyle changes that may be helpful: Yeast infections are three times more common in women who wear nylon underwear or tights than in those who wear cotton underwear.[1] Additional predisposing factors for candida infection include the use of antibiotics, oral contraceptives, or adrenal corticosteroids (such as prednisone). Underlying health conditions that may predispose someone to candida overgrowth include pregnancy, diabetes, and HIV infection. Allergies have also been reported to promote the development of recurrent yeast vaginitis. When the allergens are avoided and the allergies treated, often the chronic recurring yeast infections resolve.[2] In most cases, sexual transmission is not thought to play a role in candida vaginitis. However, in persistent cases, sexual transmission should be considered, and the sexual partner should be examined and treated. For irritant vaginitis, minimizing friction and reducing exposure to perfumes, chemicals, and irritating lubricants and spermicides can be beneficial. Dietary changes that may be helpful: Some nutritionally oriented doctors believe that a well-balanced diet low in fats, sugars, and refined foods is important for preventing vaginal infections caused by candida. In one uncontrolled study, avoidance of sugar, dairy products, and artificial sweeteners resulted in a sharp reduction in the incidence and severity of candida vaginitis.[3] Many nutritionally oriented doctors advise women who have a yeast infection (or are predisposed to such infections) to limit their intake of sugar, fruit juices, and refined carbohydrates. For persistent or recurrent infections, some doctors recommend that fruit also be avoided. Food allergies are believed to be a contributory factor in some cases of recurrent irritant vaginitis. In a controlled study, women who consumed 8 ounces of acidophilus yogurt per day had a threefold decrease in the incidence of vaginal yeast infections and a reduction in the frequency of candida colonization in the vagina.[4] In another study, women who ingested 45 grams of soy flour or 25 grams of flaxseeds per day showed an improvement in the estrogen effect on their vaginal epithelial tissue.[5] That observation suggests that supplementing with either of these foods may be helpful for preventing or reversing atrophic vaginitis. Nutritional supplements that may be helpful: Lactobacillus acidophilus is a strain of friendly bacteria that is an integral part of normal vaginal flora. Lactobacilli help maintain the vaginal microflora by preventing overgrowth of unfriendly bacteria and candida. Lactobacilli produce lactic acid, which acts like a natural antibiotic; these friendly bacteria also compete with other organisms for the utilization of glucose. The production of lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide by lactobacilli also helps to maintain the acidic pH that is needed for healthy vaginal flora to thrive. Most of the research has used yogurt containing live cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus or the topical application of such yogurt or Lactobacillus acidophilus into the vagina. Some doctors of natural medicine recommend vitamin E, either orally, topically, or intravaginally, for certain types of vaginitis. Vitamin E as a suppository in the vagina or vitamin E oil can be used once or twice per day for three to fourteen days to soothe the mucous membranes of the vagina and vulva. Some doctors of natural medicine recommend intravaginal administration of vitamin A to improve the integrity of the vaginal tissue and to enhance the function of local immune cells. Vitamin A can be administered intravaginally by inserting a vitamin A capsule or using a prepared vitamin A suppository. Vitamin A used this way can be irritating to local tissue, so it should not be used more than once per day for up to seven consecutive days. Boric acid capsules inserted in the vagina have been used successfully to treat yeast vaginitis. One study demonstrated that 98% of women who used boric acid capsules were cured of chronic recurring yeast vaginitis.[6] Are there any side effects or interactions? Refer to the individual supplement for information about any side effects or interactions. Herbs that may be helpful: Topically applied tea tree oil has been studied and used successfully as a topical treatment for Trichomonas, Candida albicans, and other vaginal infections.[7] Some nutritionally oriented physicians suggest using tea tree oil by mixing the full-strength oil with vitamin E oil in the proportion of one-third tea tree oil to two-thirds vitamin E oil. Saturate a tampon with this mixture or put the mixture in a capsule to be inserted in the vagina each day for a maximum of six weeks. The growth of Candida albicans is inhibited by garlic.[8] Although no scientific studies demonstrate its effectiveness in humans, some doctors recommend that women with candida vaginitis supplement with garlic capsules orally or insert garlic capsules or a raw peeled clove of garlic into the vagina daily for several days. Eating one clove of uncooked garlic per day or taking a supplement containing 5,000 mcg of allicin is also recommended in order to increase the effectiveness of the intravaginal remedy. Teas of goldenseal, barberry, and echinacea are also sometimes used to treat infectious vaginitis. Although all three plants are known to be antibacterial in the test tube, the effectiveness of these herbs against vaginal infections has not been tested in humans. The usual approach is to douche with one of these teas twice each day, using 1–2 tablespoons of herb per pint of water. One to two pints are usually enough for each douching session. Echinacea is also known to improve immune function in humans.[9] In order to increase resistance against infection, many doctors of natural medicine recommend oral use of the tincture or alcohol-preserved fresh juice of echinacea in the amount of 1 teaspoon (5 ml) three or more times per day—during all types of infection—to improve resistance. Are there any side effects or interactions? Refer to the individual herb for information about any side effects or interactions. References: Heidrich F, Berg A, Bergman J. Clothing factors and vaginitis. J Fam Prac 1984;19:491–94. Kudelco N. Allergy in chronic monilial vaginitis. Ann Allergy 1971;29:266–67. Horowitz BJ, Edelstein SW, Lippman L. Sugar chromatography studies in recurrent candida vulvovaginitis. J Reprod Med 1984;29:441–43. Hilton E, Isenberg H, Alperstein P, et al. Ingestion of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus as prophylaxis for candidal vaginitis. Ann Intern Med 1992;116:353–57. Wilcox G, Wahlqvist M, Burger H, et al. Oestrogenic effects of plant foods in postmenopausal women. Br Med J 1990;301:905–906. Jovanovic R, Congema E, Nguyen H. Antifungal agents vs. boric acid for treating chronic mycotic vulvovaginitis. J Reprod Med 1991;36:593–97. Pena E. Melaleuca alternifolia oil: Its use for trichomonal vaginitis and other vaginal infections. Obstet Gynecol 1962;19:793–95. Hughes BG, Lawson LD. Antimicrobial effects of Allium sativum (garlic), Allium ampeloprasum L (elephant garlic), and Allium cepa (onion), garlic compounds and commercial garlic supplement products. Phytother Res 1991;5:154–58. Melchart D, Linde K, Worku F, et al. Immunomodulation with Echinacea—a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. Phytomedicine 1994;1:245–54. The information contained in this article is for information and education purposes only and is not medical advice. Do not use this information as an alternative to obtaining medical advice from your physician or other professional healthcare provider. Always consult with your physician or other professional healthcare provider about any medical conditions you are experiencing. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, contact your local emergency services for help.

Well, here we are, again…it is the beginning of another year and the resurgence of New Year’s resolutions and commitments to healthier lifestyle choices permeates the thoughts of many. Gym memberships hit record highs in the month of January, the sale of nicotine patches soars and the excitement of a new beginning…a reset…provides a chance to try that diet or weight loss program once, again. Nearly 50% of all Americans will make New Year’s resolutions, I think this is an amazing and inspiring thing. What is NOT so amazing is that something like 88% of those making the resolutions fail to follow through and achieve their desired outcome. Boredom, fatigue or other distractions arrive, and for so many, the enthusiasm, willpower and commitment to themselves for a healthier year ahead wanes, fizzles and fades as they find themselves back in the old patterns once again… At this point you may be asking yourself, “Why do so many resolutions just remain unresolved?” Is it really all about a lack of willpower or weak convictions? What makes sustainable change so difficult for so many? How do I make my resolutions (goals) a reality so I can achieve my desired vision or outcome? Author and speaker, John Maxwell, says that change is all about timing and the recognition of the willingness to make a change. As a long time coach, teacher and, now as a physician, I have learned to recognize the timing of that “willingness to change” in my patients and watch for one or more of these critical elements: They hurt enough that they have to change… They learn enough that they want to change… They receive enough that they are able to change… Once the desire and willingness to make a change arrives, it is vitally important to establish a vision, goals and a plan to make it happen. Creating a vision employs the imagination and creativity- it becomes the “photograph” of the desired outcome- it should be specific and full of details. The goals become objectives that are met on the way to attaining the vision. Goals need to be tied to specific behaviors or habits and are rarely achieved without intentional planning. Prior planning allows a way to navigate along the journey and often helps to prevent lost time, money and other valuable resources. Without these key elements of creating a vision, setting some goals and planning for success steps, so many often fail to live the life they dream. So before you become discouraged or frustrated because you have been unable to maintain your New Year’s resolutions, take a moment to see if you might have missed a few critical steps that could get you right back on course. Is the timing right? Do you have a vision so you know where you are going? Have you determined what key behaviors and/or habits that need to be developed so that can measure your progress toward your vision? Have you made the plans or taken steps that will help you succeed and achieve your goals? If you are unable to answer one or more of these questions, then stop and take the time needed to create your vision, set your goals and plan your steps to ensure healthy vibrant life this year and for years to come. The information contained in this article is for information and education purposes only and is not medical advice. Do not use this information as an alternative to obtaining medical advice from your physician or other professional healthcare provider. Always consult with your physician or other professional healthcare provider about any medical conditions you are experiencing. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, contact your local emergency services for help.

Question: I am interested to find out why you treat colds and flu with weeds and seeds stuff…is it really scientifically proven? Answer: Consider the following: Nearly 36,000 people in the U.S. die every year from the common flu. Most strains of flu are resistant to flu medications, and flu shots do not give any guarantee of effectiveness, either. Unfortunately, when it comes to treating colds and viruses, modern medicine has little to offer so, with each passing year, more and more people turn to “weeds and seeds.” So what specifically allows nature to resist pathogens for thousands of years whereas modern medicine is rendered more and more ineffective so quickly? Actually, it’s quite simple – or more accurately, quite complex. Drugs are essentially one-dimensional, allowing microbes an easy path to morph around them. Natural anti- pathogens are anything but… They often contain dozens of biochemicals that work synergistically. Not all “active,” but many of the so-called non-active biochemicals work to potentiate the active ones and offer biochemical combinations numbering in the millions – presenting a complexity that makes it virtually impossible for microbes to work around. Resistance to the modern medicines spreads rapidly. The latest treatment involves mixing cocktails of antibiotics and anti-virals to help. The irony is this is closer to the way natural substances avoid the resistance problem, too. Consider garlic as an example. When raw garlic is crushed, the enzyme alliinase immediately converts non- active alliin into the active ingredient allicin, which can break down into more than 100 biologically active sulfur-containing compounds. While allicin may still serve as a general marker of garlic’s potency, research increasingly points to S-allylcysteine and other compounds as the most therapeutically active ingredients in garlic. In fact, hundreds have been identified as natural anti-viral compounds. And, when you put these compounds together, how many possible pathogenic defense combinations can you get from garlic’s 100 biologically active compounds? A whole bunch!!! The complexity is just far too much for pathogens to evolve around. The next time you have the typical flu symptoms of sore throat, fever, chills, cough, and aches and pains, consider the power of alternative medicine. The information contained in this article is for information and education purposes only and is not medical advice. Do not use this information as an alternative to obtaining medical advice from your physician or other professional healthcare provider. Always consult with your physician or other professional healthcare provider about any medical conditions you are experiencing. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, contact your local emergency services for help.

BUTYRATE IS ALSO KNOWN AS CONJUGATED BUTYRIC ACID Butyrate is an amazing molecule. From cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, to irritable bowel, it is proving to be a powerhouse. Butyrate is a four carbon chain fatty acid that the intestinal tract uses as food. It is generated from the colon bacteria in conjunction with fiber products. If you don’t have enough healthy bacteria and fiber in your intestinal tract, then the chances are good that you won’t make enough butyrate. Butyrate has also been shown to slow the beginning of cancer, in fact inducing what we call differentiation (making cells that were previously behaving like cancer cells – rapidly dividing, become normal again). In one study some 20 years ago animals with chemically induced tumors in the colon had reduction in the size and number of their tumors when they were treated with butyric acid enemas twice daily for eight weeks. More recent research suggests that butyrate quells the storm of cytokines that causes inflammation in the brain leading to scarring and cell death. By doing so, it is thought that chronic degenerative diseases like Alzheimers, ALS, and others may be slowed or even reversed. In fact, preliminary evidence suggests this is so when this nutrient is given in conjunction with others. There are different kinds of butyrate. Some butyrates are attached to sodium, others to calcium and magnesium. Most people need calcium and magnesium so calmag butyrate is a reasonably safe option. Butyrate also helps clean the liver, the gall bladder, and biliary tree in the liver. It also helps clean the bowel, helps control ammonia, and removes unwanted “renegade fats”. In the case of cancer, butyrate is what is known as a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor. Fancy term, but the bottom line is it regulates cell division indirectly by regulating histones. Histones are the main proteins of chromatin which in turn regulate how DNA is copied. There are at least five of them and they change the shape of the DNA and make it either accessible or not. This in turn depends in part on butyrate as it inhibits one of the enzymes responsible for modifying the histones. That enzyme causes the histones to change shape and in turn allows the DNA to open up to be read by other proteins which in turn convert those instructions from the DNA to new proteins and other things. Regulating this process is what you want if you are trying to stop cancer. In general 500 to 2000mg of butyrate is a reasonable amount for an adult, but some people take more. One should always take butyrate in conjunction with essential fatty acids and/or phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine. These oils have a mixture of Omega 3, 6, and 9 fatty acids the body needs to replenish the cell’s membranes and make them work properly. The information contained in this article is for information and education purposes only and is not medical advice. Do not use this information as an alternative to obtaining medical advice from your physician or other professional healthcare provider. Always consult with your physician or other professional healthcare provider about any medical conditions you are experiencing. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, contact your local emergency services for help.

Question: I recently read a Consumer Report article about supplements and how they do not work and many times can be unsafe. Do you have any thoughts about this? Answer: Yes, I certainly do! It is estimated that nearly 150 million people in this country purchase supplements from grocery stores, local vitamin suppliers and online sites. I can attest to the fact that the vast majority of these dietary supplements are useless at best and quite possibly dangerous at worst. Is it any wonder that consumer-grade supplements are under the microscope and stores like Walmart, Target, and GNC are scrambling to pull products off the shelf? Here is a very basic overview of supplements to help you navigate through a very valid concern. Dietary supplements generally fall into 5 major categories: consumer-grade, generic, natural, professional, and opportunistic. Basically each successive category will reflect an increase in price and to a large extent, the higher priced ones reflect better quality (but not always). In the world of supplements, you often really do “get what you pay for.” Consumer-grade supplements are often found on grocery stores and drugstore shelves. These tend to be products that are formulated based on the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) standards and are made from the cheapest and least efficient compounds to maximize profit. Often these products will have the entire daily “dosage” crammed into a single hard-pressed tablet. They often have very long shelf lives and are full of artificial colorings, preservatives and lacquers. I refer to these as “toilet-clunkers” because many of these supplements are found intact in septic tanks and port-a-potties with the brand stamp still readable. It’s best to spend your hard earned money on some organic veggies at the local farmer’s market instead of on these products. Generic supplements are the “house brands” often carried by the retail chains like CVS, Walgreens, GNC, Whole Foods, Sprouts, Costco, Vitamin Shoppe, and others. The quality of generic brands ranges from consumer-grade in the drug store chains and supermarkets to “natural” at GNC, Whole Foods, Sprouts, and Vitamin Shoppe. Natural supplements is considered lingo for products marketed by companies with well-established health-food stores brands, such as Now, Country Life, Schiff, Twinlab, Solgar, Kal, Nature‘s Way, and many others. The quality of natural supplements varies from fair to excellent, depending on the manufacturer and the product. Many house brands, such as GNC and Vitamin Shoppe, are usually “natural” and are sourced free of artificial colorings and allergenic fillers, and give priority to naturally found components. Not surprisingly, most supplement manufacturers obtain their ingredients from the least expensive source — despite substantial inflation, the prices for most natural supplements are lower today than they were a decade ago because they are being obtained from places like China and India. Determining efficacy (if the product does what it claims to do) is difficult to determine because there is no regulation on the dose quantity or quality of the ingredients in the supplement. Many of these products are obtaining ingredients from places like India and China and they are not always “clean” from contaminants used in those countries. The greatest concern is often heavy metals and pesticides that can possibly harm the consumers. The natural supplement packages may still say “Made in the USA,” while they really should say “Packaged in the USA.” Professional-grade supplements are generally formulated by specialist in their field of research or interest for marketing and distribution through other licensed professionals. You can generally find these sold in a professional setting such as the office of a doctor, nurse practitioner, chiropractor, nutritionist, or online with an established account authorized by your care provider. Because these supplement lines are sold through a licensed professional, those that sell them to their patients are often able to stand by the safety and efficacy claims of those supplements, as well as assure patients that the current good manufacturing practice standards were upheld. Often times, independent third party testing groups are employed to ensure the quality and quantity of ingredients meets the formulator’s requirements as well. I want you to realize that the degree of quality, purity, digestibility, stability, bioavailability, and other factors does still vary substantially from company to company among professional lines, too. Unlike consumer-grade supplements, many professional-grade lines often use organically or patented delivery processes to assure optimal assimilation of the vitamins and minerals after ingestion. This is why the price point can be significantly higher. Depending on the desired outcome, the way in which the products are prepared and formulated often determines their effectiveness when used. Professional-grade supplements are very often free of fillers, colorings and stabilizer of any kind- this is makes them generally safer for those with sensitivities and allergies. Opportunistic dietary supplements are promoted and sold by various multi-level marketing (MLM) companies such as Amway, IsageniX, Nu Skin, Sunrider, and many others. I am sure you have also seen and heard the infomercials being touted on cable and the Internet, too. These supplements tend to be the most expensive and their quality can range from pure junk to very high quality depending on the formulators and manufacturing processes. This is a challenging group of supplements to evaluate objectively so it is imperative to investigate each company or claim individually. The effectiveness, quality and safety of dietary supplements are important topics and something I deal with on a daily basis. I have seen many people self- prescribe their own dietary supplement products with very limited understanding and knowledge about either the effectual benefit to their health or the possible harm that can be caused. Please remember that any nutrients, herbs or mineral can compete for the same receptors as prescription medications and taking the two together can be problematic. It is important to do your “homework” and seek out the help of a qualified professional before beginning dietary supplements for any health condition. The information contained in this article is for information and education purposes onl y and is not medical advice. Do not use this information as an alternative to obtaining medical advice from your physician or other professional healthcare provider. Always consult with your physician or other professional healthcare provider about any medical conditions you are experiencing. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, contact your local emergency services for help.

Forgiveness: A Key To Your Highest Health I recall a question once posed to me by a patient, who at that time really wanted to die…not by his own hand in the form of suicide, but rather from some kind of mercy offering from God or the universe to afford him a way of escape from the pain and suffering he had endured and witnessed during his life. From a difficult childhood, surviving a near-death bomb blast as a Vet of the Vietnam War, to teaching in a tough inner city high school… he had seen the good, the bad and the ugly of life and wanted no more of it. The question he asked was this: “Can you teach me how to forgive?” In an instant, my heartstrings were pulled. It wasn’t long until this patient and I developed a wonderful rapport and he felt comfortable sharing more of his concerns about forgiveness and his struggles to let go of the pain and memories he had accumulated through the years. Believe me, I shed many tears after a few of our appointments. He definitely suffered from years of unaddressed PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) but was determined to free himself from the entanglement of anger, frustration and resentments. Eventually, he gave me an open door to share my thoughts and insights about the power of forgiveness and he gained the healing benefits of letting go of the bitterness. Together we learned that forgiveness is not just a formality, it is a state of mind and a change of heart that can lift many burdens –both mentally and physically. By practicing forgiveness you can actually: Lower Your Levels of Stress: Forgiveness offers the great benefit of lowering cortisol and ultimately your stress levels. It allows you to stop the “flight or fight” response and find “rest and recovery.” Lower stress also means less pain in your body! Increase Your Immune Health: It has been shown that levels of immunoglobulin A (an antibody that helps fend off infections such as colds and flu) plummeted in study participants after researchers asked them to dwell for five minutes on a situation that stirred up anger, frustration, and resentment. The effect lasted up to five hours! Recalling feelings of compassion toward a person or situation for the same amount of time bumped up their IgA levels significantly. Keep Your Heart Healthy: Forgiveness is good for the heart—literally. There are several studies that that demonstrate how those who hold on to grudges tend to have increases in their heart rates, while those who are more empathetic and able to forgive tend to have lower heart rates. Forgiveness has also proven to lower your blood pressure. Both are great benefits and you don’t have to take a drug with a multitude of side effects to achieve it! Extend Your Life: Holding on to the pain of unforgiveness certainly can shave years off your life and, most certainly, the quality of your life. I think this one goes without saying…those with more forgiving natures tend to live years longer. SO HERE IS THE TAKEAWAY True forgiveness is easier said than done. It can be difficult, especially if someone truly upset you in a way that contradicted your values and morals. However, it is important to remember that holding that unforgiveness comes with a huge cost…for some it may even be their very life. The information contained in this article is for information and education purposes only and is not medical advice. Do not use this information as an alternative to obtaining medical advice from your physician or other professional healthcare provider. Always consult with your physician or other professional healthcare provider about any medical conditions you are experiencing. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, contact your local emergency services for help.

Your colon, or large bowel/intestine, is the site of fluid and electrolyte absorption from intestinal material. Over 400 species of human bacterial species reside in the colon, using undigested food particles as fuel for growth. The beneficial bacteria play an important role in our health, manufacturing short-chain fatty acids (acetate, butyrate, propionate), which are the preferred fuel of our intestinal cells and contribute to a healthy bowel pH level. These bacteria also inhibit the overgrowth of yeast, parasites, and pathogenic bacteria. Chronic constipation, digestive problems, food allergies, poor diet, and medications such as antibiotics and steroid medications often contribute to poor colon health, which may lead to many other chronic illnesses. Colon hydrotherapy is a session, or series of sessions, using gentle “flow” of water to flush out intestinal material from the bowels. Unlike enemas, which only cleanse the last 12-18 inches of the 5-foot bowel, colon hydrotherapy directs water flow through the entire length. Such a method is used to treat various causes of constipation by stimulating normal peristalsis – the movement of the bowels. Spastic or atonic constipation can be treated using different methods of water flow such as contrasting the temperature of the water. Together with proper diet, exercise, and supplementation, constipation of various types can be effectively resolved. Colon hydrotherapy may also be used as part of a cleansing or detoxification protocol. Colon hydrotherapy promotes the effective elimination of toxins and helps rectify digestive dysfunction. Implantations of restorative nutrients such as lactobacillus acidophilus, butyric acid, or chlorophyll can help promote proper bowel pH, provide fuel for the colon cells and beneficial bowel bacteria, and promote detoxification. These particular therapies are indicated for various autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis), immune dysfunctions (allergies, eczema), chronic pain syndromes (chronic fatigue/fibromyalgia), intestinal infections (candida, parasites, worms, pathogenic bacteria), irritable bowel syndrome and a multitude of other conditions. Colon hydrotherapy sessions last about 45-minutes on average. A nurse or colon hydrotherapist performs the treatments under the prescription of your Naturopathic physician. Patients are prescribed on average three to seven sessions, depending on the goal of treatment and condition being treated. A screening exam is required before any prescription for colon hydrotherapy is written. Ask a physician at Innate Wellness and Medical Center if colon hydrotherapy is appropriate for you. The information contained in this article is for information and education purposes only and is not medical advice. Do not use this information as an alternative to obtaining medical advice from your physician or other professional healthcare provider. Always consult with your physician or other professional healthcare provider about any medical conditions you are experiencing. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, contact your local emergency services for help.

Question: I have arthritis in my knees and sometimes the pain is excruciating. Is there anything I can do besides the cortisone injections recommended by my doctor? Answer: Yes! Prolotherapy is a great alternative choice. Prolotherapy is a simple, natural method used to repair a soft tissue injury or painful joints, by assisting the body’s natural healing process “Prolo” is short for proliferation, because the treatment causes the proliferation (growth) of new connective tissue in areas that have become weak or damaged. This alternative technique offers a less invasive and potentially longer lasting option, versus medications, steroid injections or more drastic measures such as surgery or joint replacement. Ligaments are the structural “rubber bands” that hold bones to bones in joints. Ligaments can become weak or injured and may not heal back to their original strength or endurance. This is largely because the blood supply to ligaments is limited, and therefore healing is slow and not always complete. To further complicate this, ligaments also have many nerve endings and therefore the person will feel pain at the areas where the ligaments are damaged or loose. Tendons are the name given to tissues which connects muscles to bones, and in the same manner tendons may also become injured, and cause pain. How Prolotherapy Works When an injury occurs to tissue, natural inflammation occurs. Since ligaments, tendons and cartilage (joints) have very poor blood supplies, incomplete healing results. This incomplete healing results in connective tissue becoming relaxed and weak. In addition, connective tissue also has many nerve endings, which will cause pain when damaged or loosened. Prolotherapy is a highly effective method of treating chronic pain. The treatment, performed as an office procedure, involves injecting a concentrated dextrose (sugar water) solution into the affected area. This localized injection causes inflammation that directly stimulates the growth of healthy strong tissues by increasing the blood supply. As the tendons and ligaments repair/heal and grow stronger, the chronic pain is thus reduced and joints become more stable, reducing the degenerative changes that occur with arthritis. How long will it take to complete a course of treatments? The response to treatment varies from person to person, and depends upon one’s healing ability. Some people may only need a few treatments while others may need several. The average number of treatments is 4-6 for an area treated. The best thing to do is get an evaluation by a trained physician to see if you are an appropriate candidate. Once you begin treatment, your doctor can determine how you are responding and give you an accurate estimate. Assisting Natural Healing The body’s natural healing process can also be impeded when injuries are treated with anti-inflammatory medications, such as Motrin, Advil, or Ibuprofen for pain management. Prolotherapy injections, given over the course of several weeks to months, are meant to provide a long lasting benefit by stimulating the body into initiating the healing process on its own without the use of oral medications. You may be a candidate for Prolotherapy if you experience any of the following musculoskeletal pain: Sports Injuries Degenerated or Herniated Discs Tendon Injuries Tennis elbow Achilles tendonitis Patellar tendonitis (jumpers knee) Rotator cuff injuries, partial tears Cervical whiplash injury Ligament Injuries Ankle sprain Ankle instability Knee sprain Foot pains/plantar fasciitis Wrist pain Sacroiliac joint pain Arthritic Conditions Neck and back pain Knee pains/meniscal tears Hip pain Sciatica Joint pain Consider Prolotherapy first…and surgery last! The recovery time following Prolotherapy is minimal and rehabilitation is generally not necessary. Patients are encouraged to remain active and resume their activities with the guidance following treatment being “use it-do not abuse it”. Because Prolotherapy works with the body and stimulates a healing process, the results are often progressive and permanent. The information contained in this article is for information and education purposes only and is not medical advice. Do not use this information as an alternative to obtaining medical advice from your physician or other professional healthcare provider. Always consult with your physician or other professional healthcare provider about any medical conditions you are experiencing. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, contact your local emergency services for help.

MINOR BURNS Extensive burns or burns causing more than minor discomfort should be treated by a healthcare professional. For superficial burns caused by temperature (picking up a hot object, for example), natural medicine may be helpful after the burn is cleaned with soap and cold water and gently dried. Nutritional supplements that may be helpful: Despite a lack of research on the subject, many doctors of natural medicine recommend using vitamin E topically on minor burns. This makes sense, because some of the damage done to the skin is oxidative, and vitamin E is an antioxidant. Vitamin E can be found in both the tocopherol and tocopheryl forms. In the tocopheryl forms (such as alpha tocopheryl acetate), the vitamin E is attached to another molecule (like acetate) to keep the vitamin E protected. While the body has no problem separating vitamin E from the other molecule when swallowed, it remains unknown whether the skin can free vitamin E in the same way. Therefore, people using vitamin E topically on minor burns should use the tocopherol form, which is immediately usable by the skin. Are there any side effects or interactions? Refer to the individual supplement for information about any side effects or interactions. Herbs that may be helpful: Aloe has been historically used for many of the same conditions it is used for today, particularly minor burns. Topically for minor burns, the stabilized aloe gel is applied to the affected area of skin three to five times per day. Treatment of more serious burns should only be done after first consulting a healthcare professional. Calendula cream can be applied to minor burns to soothe pain and help promote tissue repair. It has been shown in animal studies to be anti-inflammatory[1] and to aid repair of damaged tissues.[2] The cream is applied three times per day. Gotu kola has been used in the medicinal systems of central Asia for centuries to treat numerous skin diseases. Saponins in gotu kola beneficially affect collagen (the material that makes up connective tissue) to inhibit its production in hyperactive scar tissue. Dried gotu kola leaf can be made into a tea by adding 1–2 teaspoons to 150 ml boiling water and allowing it to steep for ten to fifteen minutes. Three cups are usually drunk per day. Tincture can also be used at a dose of 10–20 ml three times per day. Standardized extracts containing up to 100% total triterpenoids are generally taken in the amount of 60 mg once or twice per day. Are there any side effects or interactions? Refer to the individual herb for information about any side effects or interactions. The information contained in this article is for information and education purposes only and is not medical advice. Do not use this information as an alternative to obtaining medical advice from your physician or other professional healthcare provider. Always consult with your physician or other professional healthcare provider about any medical conditions you are experiencing. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, contact your local emergency services for help. [1] Della Loggia R, Tubaro A, Sosa S, et al. The role of triterpenoids in the topical anti-inflammatory activity of Calendula officinalis flowers. Planta Medica 1994;60:516–20. [2] Patrick KFM, Kumar S, Edwardson PAD, Hutchinson JJ. Induction of vascularisation by an aqueous extract of the flowers of Calendula officinalis L the European marigold. Phytomedicine 1996;3:11–18.